Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 27 : Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements
Scope
1 This Standard shall be applied in the preparation and presentation of consolidated financial statements for a group of entities under the control of a parent.
2 This Standard does not deal with methods of accounting for business combinations and their effects on consolidation, including goodwill arising on a business combination (see Ind AS 103 Business Combinations).
3 This Standard shall also be applied in accounting for investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates when an entity elects, or is required by law, to present separate financial statements.
Definitions
4 The following terms are used in this Standard with the meanings specified:
Consolidated financial statements are the financial statements of a group presented as those of a single economic entity.
Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.
A group is a parent and all its subsidiaries.
Non-controlling interest is the equity in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent.
A parent is an entity that has one or more subsidiaries.
Separate financial statements are those presented by a parent, an investor in an associate or a venturer in a jointly controlled entity, in which the investments are accounted for on the basis of the direct equity interest rather than on the basis of the reported results and net assets of the investees.
A subsidiary is an entity, including an unincorporated entity such as a partnership, that is controlled by another entity (known as the parent).
5 A parent or its subsidiary may be an investor in an associate or a venturer in a jointly controlled entity. In such cases, consolidated financial statements prepared and presented in accordance with this Standard are also prepared so as to comply with Ind AS 28 Investments in Associates and Ind AS 31 Interests in Joint Ventures.
6 For an entity described in paragraph 5, separate financial statements are those prepared and presented in addition to the financial statements referred to in paragraph 5. Separate financial statements need not be appended to, or accompany, those statements, unless required by law.
7 The financial statements of an entity that does not have a subsidiary, associate or venturers interest in a jointly controlled entity are not separate financial statements.
8 [Refer to Appendix 1]
Presentation of Consolidated Financial Statements
9 A parent shall present consolidated financial statements in which it consolidates its investments in subsidiaries in accordance with this Standard. Where a parent is a company, the consolidated financial statements shall be in the form set out in Appendix C to this Standard or as near thereto as circumstances admit.
10 (Refer to Appendix 1)
11 A parent presents separate financial statements in compliance with paragraphs 3843.
Scope of Consolidated Financial Statements
12 Consolidated financial statements shall include all subsidiaries of the parent.1
13 Control is presumed to exist when the parent owns, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, more than half of the voting power of an entity unless, in exceptional circumstances, it can be clearly demonstrated that such ownership does not constitute control. Control also exists when the parent owns half or less of the voting power of an entity when there is:2
Footnotes:
1 If on acquisition a subsidiary meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale in accordance with Ind AS 105 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, it shall be accounted for in accordance with that Indian Accounting Standard.
2 See also Appendix A ConsolidationSpecial Purpose Entities.
(a) power over more than half of the voting rights by virtue of an agreement with other investors;
(b) power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity under a statute or an agreement;
(c) power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors or equivalent governing body and control of the entity is by that board or body; or
(d) power to cast the majority of votes at meetings of the board of directors or equivalent governing body and control of the entity is by that board or body.
14 An entity may own share warrants, share call options, debt or equity instruments that are convertible into ordinary shares3, or other similar instruments that have the potential, if exercised or converted, to give the entity voting power or reduce another partys voting power over the financial and operating policies of another entity (potential voting rights). The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible, including potential voting rights held by another entity, are considered when assessing whether an entity has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of another entity. Potential voting rights are not currently exercisable or convertible when, for example, they cannot be exercised or converted until a future date or until the occurrence of a future event.
15 In assessing whether potential voting rights contribute to control, the entity examines all facts and circumstances (including the terms of exercise of the potential voting rights and any other contractual arrangements whether considered individually or in combination) that affect potential voting rights, except the intention of management and the financial ability to exercise or convert such rights.
16 A subsidiary is not excluded from consolidation simply because the investor is a venture capital organisation, mutual fund, unit trust or similar entity.
17 A subsidiary is not excluded from consolidation because its business activities are dissimilar from those of the other entities within the group. Relevant information is provided by consolidating such subsidiaries and disclosing additional information in the consolidated financial statements about the different business activities of subsidiaries. For example, the disclosures required by Ind AS 108 Operating Segments help to explain the significance of different business activities within the group.
Consolidation Procedure
18 In preparing consolidated financial statements, an entity combines the financial statements of the parent and its subsidiaries line by line by adding together like items of assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses. In order that the consolidated financial statements present financial information about the group as that of a single economic entity, the following steps are then taken:
Footnote:
3 In Indian context, the term ordinary shares is equivalent to equity shares.
(a) the carrying amount of the parents investment in each subsidiary and the parents portion of equity of each subsidiary are eliminated (see Ind AS 103 Business Combinations, which describes the treatment of any resultant goodwill);
(b) non-controlling interests in the profit or loss of consolidated subsidiaries for the reporting period are identified; and
(c) non-controlling interests in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries are identified separately from the parents ownership interests in them. Non-controlling interests in the net assets consist of:
(i) the amount of those non-controlling interests at the date of the original combination calculated in accordance with Ind AS 103 Business Combinations and
(ii) the non-controlling interests share of changes in equity since the date of the combination.
19 When potential voting rights exist, the proportions of profit or loss and changes in equity allocated to the parent and non-controlling interests are determined on the basis of present ownership interests and do not reflect the possible exercise or conversion of potential voting rights.
20 Intragroup balances, transactions, income and expenses shall be eliminated in full.
21 Intragroup balances and transactions, including income, expenses and dividends, are eliminated in full. Profits and losses resulting from intragroup transactions that are recognised in assets, such as inventory and fixed assets, are eliminated in full. Intragroup losses may indicate an impairment that requires recognition in the consolidated financial statements. Ind AS 12 Income Taxes applies to temporary differences that arise from the elimination of profits and losses resulting from intragroup transactions.
22 The financial statements of the parent and its subsidiaries used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements shall be prepared as of the same date. When the end of the reporting period of the parent is different from that of a subsidiary, the subsidiary prepares, for consolidation purposes, additional financial statements as of the same date as the financial statements of the parent unless it is impracticable to do so.
23 When, in accordance with paragraph 22, the financial statements of a subsidiary used in the preparation of consolidated financial statements are prepared as of a date different from that of the parents financial statements, adjustments shall be made for the effects of significant transactions or events that occur between that date and the date of the parents financial statements. In any case, the difference between the end of the reporting period of the subsidiary and that of the parent shall be no more than three months. The length of the reporting periods and any difference between the ends of the reporting periods shall be the same from period to period.
24 Consolidated financial statements shall be prepared using uniform accounting policies for like transactions and other events in similar circumstances.
25 If a member of the group uses accounting policies other than those adopted in the consolidated financial statements for like transactions and events in similar circumstances, appropriate adjustments are made to its financial statements in preparing the consolidated financial statements.
26 The income and...
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